Observability is a design problem

Observability is most useful when it is treated as a core platform capability instead of a bolt-on toolchain.

Metrics

Use metrics to monitor service health and capacity trends. Alert on symptoms first.

Logs and Traces

Use logs and traces to explain why symptoms happened and which dependency introduced risk.

Make signal ownership explicit

Each critical service should define the owner for SLOs, dashboards, and on-call response policies.